The extinction of dinosaurs

By Jhoan Gabriel García

We know all about dinosaurs?
The dinosaurs appeared on Earth about 240 million years ago. The word dinosaur comes from the greek "deinos"and "saurd" and it means: terrible lizard.
At first, reptilsaurio was the name used to identify the new species  but Richar Owen changed this name.

We have found a lot of fossils of dinosaurs around the world. We have classified them in many species, we know what they ate, but we don`t know why they became extinct. There are different theories about their extinction.

-The asteroid collision theory:
-In 1980 a group of researchers led by the physicist Luis Alvarez found iridium concentration hundreds of times higher than normal in the layers of the Earth and the asteroids contain iridium.
It has also been discovered a giant crater in the Yucatan Peninsula. Its diameter measures 180 km.
This impact happened 65 million years ago.


-Anther theory is the multiple impact event: It explains the multiple impacts on all the world.

-Climatic change: This theory explains that the earth cooled and the dinosaurs couldn't adapt to the cold and they died. Moreover, this theory isn' t all true because there were polar animals.
-Overpopulation:
The overpopulation of herbivorous dinosaurs could devastate the vegetation and cause death from lack of food, and consequently the extinction of their predators.

-The cosmic irradiation: 
After the explosion of a nearby supernova, the disappearance of ozone or a decrease or reversal of the magnetic field that protects Earth.
Only animals under 25 kg appear to have been able to survive because throughout our history there were many mass extinctions of different intensities but this was the biggest.

Cave Waitomo and his worms

By Claudia Beltran

The Cave Waitomo, located in New Zeland in the region of Waitomo, is populated by a glow worm (Arachnocampa luminosa). These worms create a sticky silk thread, that traps their prey. In the end of their sticky silk thread there is a litlle lightning bubble, the mosquitoes and other flying insects get trapped on these threads.
The larva makes a nest out of silk on the ceilling of the cave and then hangs down about 70 threads of silk, called snares, from around the nest, each up to 30 or 40 centimenters long and holding droplets of mucus. Their larva stage lasts about 6 to 12 months, depending on food. The larva emerges from the egg only about 3 to 5 millimetres long, and throughout its life grow to about 3 centimeters.
The adults live only a short time. They glow intermittently, their sole purpose is to mate. The female lays a total of 130 eggs in clumps of 40 or 50 and dies soon after laying.
The larva has few predators, their greatest danger is from human interference.


Entrance of the Cave Waitomo.

Ceilling of the Cave Waitomo.
Glow worm.

The biodiversity of the amazon is being threatened




By Islena Ferreira


Nowhere in the word are there as many trees cut down as in the amazon forest. An organisation, non governamental, WWF, shows that the medium of deforestation in Amazon is the biggest of the world, it is being 30% plus intense than Indonesia, the second situated in the Ranking of environmental devastation.
In the Amazon, the deforestation exponentially grew in the 70's and 80's, but this tax continues increasing.
The change of the land affects the regional hidrology, global cicle of the coal , the lost of the water of the surface across the evaporation of the sea and the transpiration of the plants, the lost of the biodiversity, the probability of the fire is because the regional reduction of rains.
The threats of degradation andvance in an accelerated rhythm. The offcial dates, elaborated by INPE(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Especiais), about the deforestation in Amazon show that it is extremely high and continues growing. It has already been eliminated around of 570 thousand kilometers of forests, an amount equivalent  of the surface of France. However, the situation can be still at worst.

564273_420899224636803_1316124789_n_large

Nowadays the big challenge is search the maximum consciousness about the different ecosistems of Amazon and show options about how this consciousness can be used for a sustainable development.

City of the Arts and the Sciences

By Islena Ferreira

The city of arts and sciences is placed in Valencia, Spain. It is situated at the end of the river ''Turia'', which was drained and rerouted after a catastrophic flood in 1957. The old riverbed was turned into a picturesque sunken park. The project was designed by Santiago Caladrava and Felix Candela with the engineers Alberto domingo and Carlos Lázaro. They are authors of the structural design of the roofs of ''L'oceanografic'', opened in 16th April 1998 with the opening of ''El Hemisférico''.The big last component of the city of arts and science is the ''Ágora''' situated between the shuttle of ''L'assut de l'or'' and ''L'oceanografic''. Now this construction is being finished.
CONTENTS:

• ''L'Hemisfèric: With the shape of an eye. Screening Room IMAX film, planetarium and laser. It has very big dimension.
  
• The museum of science ''Príncipe Felipe'': It is an interactive museum of science with a shape similar to a dinosaur skeleton.
  
• ''L'Umbracle'': Is a stroll though gardens with vegatables species by '' la comunidad valenciana''.
  
• ''L'Oceanográfico'': Is the largest acuarium of Europe.
  

  L'Oceanografic, Valencia, Spain 2 - Jan 07.jpg

• ''Palacio de la artes Reina Sofía'': With four big rooms; pricipal room, magistral room (luxorius room), amphitheater and teatre of camera.

• ''El puente de l'Ossut D'Or'': comunicate the south road with the street Menorca, whose pylon of 125 meters tall, is the highest point of the city.
  

  Puentei3.jpg

  
  
• The ''Ágora'': Covered place, itself comemorates concerts and some sporting events.
  Beginning of building

  Agora y Pont de l'Assut de l'Or.jpg

• In May 1991, the ''Consell'' approved the session of land, four months before, the project designed by Santiago Caladrava was presented and, at the end of that year, the construction was permitted. The constructions started at the end of 1994.